{"id":1094,"date":"2024-02-17T12:47:09","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T12:47:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congress.net\/?p=1094"},"modified":"2024-02-17T12:47:12","modified_gmt":"2024-02-17T12:47:12","slug":"lyndon-b-johnson-36e-president-des-etats-unis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/lyndon-b-johnson-36th-president-of-the-us\/","title":{"rendered":"Lyndon B. Johnson, 36e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Lyndon B. Johnson<\/strong>, n\u00e9 le 27 ao\u00fbt 1908 \u00e0 Stonewall, au Texas, a servi comme <strong>36e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong> de 1963 \u00e0 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"822\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-822x1024.webp\" alt=\"Lyndon B. Johnson, 36e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis\" class=\"wp-image-1098\" srcset=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-822x1024.webp 822w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-241x300.webp 241w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-768x956.webp 768w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-10x12.webp 10w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-2-jpeg.webp 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lyndon B. Johnson, 36e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Il succ\u00e8de \u00e0 John F. Kennedy apr\u00e8s l&#039;assassinat de ce dernier le 22 novembre 1963 \u00e0 Dallas, au Texas. <strong>Johnson avait auparavant occup\u00e9 le poste de vice-pr\u00e9sident sous Kennedy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La pr\u00e9sidence de Johnson est <strong>remarquable pour la promulgation d&#039;importantes lois sur les droits civiques et le lancement de son ambitieux programme de politique int\u00e9rieure<\/strong>, connu sous le nom de \u00ab<strong>Grande Soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>.&quot;\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s\u2019agissait notamment de programmes visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9, \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019\u00e9ducation et \u00e0 \u00e9largir l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Civil Rights Act de 1964 et le Voting Rights Act de 1965 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des textes l\u00e9gislatifs marquants de son administration, contribuant \u00e0 l&#039;avancement des droits civiques des Afro-Am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, la pr\u00e9sidence de Johnson a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par des controverses et des d\u00e9fis, notamment li\u00e9s \u00e0 la guerre du Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont intensifi\u00e9 leur engagement au Vietnam pendant son mandat, et la guerre est devenue de plus en plus conflictuelle, ce qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 de nombreuses protestations et critiques. Johnson a d\u00fb faire face \u00e0 une opposition croissante au sein de son propre parti et a choisi de ne pas se repr\u00e9senter aux \u00e9lections de 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir quitt\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sidence, Johnson se retira dans son ranch au Texas. Il mourut le 22 janvier 1973, \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e2ge de 64 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les controverses entourant la guerre du Vietnam, les politiques int\u00e9rieures de Johnson ont eu un impact durable sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine, et il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une figure complexe dans <a href=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/categorie\/histoire\/\" title=\"Histoire des \u00c9tats-Unis\">Histoire des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Politiques de Lyndon B. Johnson<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lyndon B. Johnson a mis en \u0153uvre un large \u00e9ventail de politiques<\/strong> Au cours de sa pr\u00e9sidence, il a mis l&#039;accent sur les affaires int\u00e9rieures et \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Parmi ses politiques les plus marquantes, on peut citer :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u00e9gislation sur les droits civils :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Johnson a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le crucial dans l\u2019adoption du Civil Rights Act de 1964, qui visait \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale dans les lieux publics et \u00e0 interdire la discrimination \u00e0 l\u2019emploi fond\u00e9e sur la race, la couleur, la religion, le sexe ou l\u2019origine nationale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il a \u00e9galement d\u00e9fendu le Voting Rights Act de 1965, qui visait \u00e0 \u00e9liminer les obstacles au vote des Afro-Am\u00e9ricains, en particulier dans les \u00c9tats du Sud o\u00f9 les pratiques discriminatoires \u00e9taient r\u00e9pandues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Guerre contre la pauvret\u00e9 :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Johnson a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 une \u00ab guerre contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u00bb dans son discours sur l\u2019\u00e9tat de l\u2019Union de 1964, lan\u00e7ant un ensemble de programmes nationaux et de lois visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la pauvret\u00e9 et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les principales initiatives comprenaient l\u2019Economic Opportunity Act de 1964, qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 des programmes tels que Head Start et Job Corps pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 et le ch\u00f4mage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Medicare et Medicaid :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Johnson a promulgu\u00e9 les amendements \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale de 1965, qui ont instaur\u00e9 Medicare et Medicaid. Medicare fournissait une assurance maladie aux Am\u00e9ricains \u00e2g\u00e9s de 65 ans et plus, tandis que Medicaid visait \u00e0 aider les personnes \u00e0 faibles revenus \u00e0 payer leurs frais m\u00e9dicaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Initiatives en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La loi sur l\u2019enseignement \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire et secondaire de 1965 a fourni un financement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral pour am\u00e9liorer l\u2019\u00e9ducation dans les zones \u00e0 faible revenu et accro\u00eetre les opportunit\u00e9s pour les \u00e9tudiants d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La loi sur l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur de 1965 a augment\u00e9 le financement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des universit\u00e9s et cr\u00e9\u00e9 des programmes d\u2019aide financi\u00e8re pour les \u00e9tudiants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conservation de l&#039;environnement :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Johnson a sign\u00e9 le Wilderness Act en 1964, qui prot\u00e9geait et pr\u00e9servait les zones sauvages d\u00e9sign\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il a \u00e9galement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du Fonds pour la conservation des terres et des eaux, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir la conservation des ressources naturelles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u00e9forme de l\u2019immigration :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La loi sur l&#039;immigration et la nationalit\u00e9 de 1965, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de loi Hart-Celler, a \u00e9limin\u00e9 les quotas d&#039;immigration discriminatoires bas\u00e9s sur la nationalit\u00e9, conduisant \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me d&#039;immigration plus diversifi\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Guerre du Vietnam :<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La politique de Johnson au Vietnam fut marqu\u00e9e par une escalade progressive de l&#039;implication am\u00e9ricaine dans le conflit. La r\u00e9solution du Golfe du Tonkin de 1964 lui accorda de larges pouvoirs pour utiliser la force militaire en Asie du Sud-Est. La guerre devint de plus en plus impopulaire et joua un r\u00f4le dans la d\u00e9cision de Johnson de ne pas se repr\u00e9senter aux \u00e9lections de 1968.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>La pr\u00e9sidence de Lyndon B. Johnson a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par un m\u00e9lange de politiques int\u00e9rieures progressistes et de d\u00e9fis de la <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnam_War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Guerre du Vietnam\">Guerre du Vietnam<\/a>, faisant de lui une figure complexe et influente de l\u2019histoire am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lyndon B. Johnson, born on August 27, 1908, in Stonewall, Texas, served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He succeeded John F. Kennedy after Kennedy&#8217;s assassination on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Johnson had previously served as the Vice President under Kennedy. Johnson&#8217;s presidency is notable for the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-presidents-of-united-states"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lyndon B. 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