{"id":1127,"date":"2024-02-29T09:12:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T09:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congress.net\/?p=1127"},"modified":"2024-02-29T09:12:04","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T09:12:04","slug":"harry-s-truman-33e-president-des-etats-unis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/harry-s-truman-33th-president-of-u-s\/","title":{"rendered":"Harry S. Truman, 33e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Harry S. Truman \u00e9tait le 33e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong>Il a servi du 12 avril 1945 au 20 janvier 1953. Truman est l&#039;un des <a href=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/les-presidents-americains-qui-ont-ete-reelus\/\" title=\"Les pr\u00e9sidents am\u00e9ricains r\u00e9\u00e9lus\">Les pr\u00e9sidents am\u00e9ricains r\u00e9\u00e9lus<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5-jpeg.webp\" alt=\"Harry S. Truman, 33e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis\" class=\"wp-image-1128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5-jpeg.webp 481w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5-225x300.webp 225w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-5-9x12.webp 9w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Harry S. Truman, 33e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Truman<\/strong> est devenu pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 la mort de Franklin D. Roosevelt, faisant de lui le seul pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain \u00e0 prendre ses fonctions au milieu de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Truman est peut-\u00eatre mieux connu pour sa d\u00e9cision de larguer des bombes atomiques sur les villes japonaises d&#039;Hiroshima et de Nagasaki<\/strong> en 1945, ce qui a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important dans l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9sidence de Truman a \u00e9galement vu le d\u00e9but de la <strong>Guerre froide<\/strong>, la cr\u00e9ation de la <strong>Les Nations Unies<\/strong>, et la mise en \u0153uvre de la <strong>Le Plan Marshall pour aider \u00e0 reconstruire l&#039;Europe<\/strong> apr\u00e8s la guerre. De plus, il a sign\u00e9 le <strong>Doctrine Truman<\/strong>, qui visait \u00e0 contenir la propagation du communisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avant sa pr\u00e9sidence, <strong>Truman a \u00e9t\u00e9 vice-pr\u00e9sident sous Roosevelt<\/strong> et a eu une longue carri\u00e8re politique, notamment en tant que s\u00e9nateur am\u00e9ricain du Missouri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apr\u00e8s avoir quitt\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sidence, Truman revient \u00e0 la vie priv\u00e9e et \u00e9crit ses m\u00e9moires. Il d\u00e9c\u00e8de le 26 d\u00e9cembre 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les politiques de Harry S. Truman :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9sidence de Harry S. Truman a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par plusieurs politiques et d\u00e9cisions importantes. Voici quelques aspects cl\u00e9s de ses initiatives politiques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Doctrine Truman (1947) :<\/strong> Truman a expos\u00e9 cette doctrine dans un discours au Congr\u00e8s, d\u00e9crivant la politique d&#039;assistance \u00e9conomique et militaire aux pays menac\u00e9s par le communisme. Cela a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but de la politique d&#039;endiguement des \u00c9tats-Unis pendant la guerre froide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Plan Marshall (1948) :<\/strong> Le Plan Marshall, officiellement connu sous le nom de Programme de relance europ\u00e9en, \u00e9tait une initiative visant \u00e0 fournir une aide \u00e9conomique aux pays d&#039;Europe occidentale d\u00e9vast\u00e9s par la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L&#039;objectif \u00e9tait d&#039;aider \u00e0 la reconstruction de ces nations et d&#039;emp\u00eacher la propagation du communisme en s&#039;attaquant aux conditions \u00e9conomiques qui pourraient le favoriser.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Formation de l\u2019OTAN (1949) :<\/strong> Truman a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans la cr\u00e9ation de l&#039;Organisation du trait\u00e9 de l&#039;Atlantique Nord (OTAN), une alliance militaire entre les pays d&#039;Europe occidentale et les \u00c9tats-Unis. Cette alliance visait \u00e0 assurer une d\u00e9fense collective contre les agressions, notamment de la part de l&#039;Union sovi\u00e9tique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Int\u00e9gration des forces arm\u00e9es (1948) :<\/strong> Truman a promulgu\u00e9 le d\u00e9cret 9981, qui exigeait la d\u00e9s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation des forces arm\u00e9es am\u00e9ricaines. Il s&#039;agissait d&#039;une \u00e9tape importante vers la fin de la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale dans l&#039;arm\u00e9e et a ouvert la voie \u00e0 des avanc\u00e9es ult\u00e9rieures en mati\u00e8re de droits civiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Un accord \u00e9quitable (1949-1953) :<\/strong> Truman proposa une s\u00e9rie de r\u00e9formes int\u00e9rieures connues sous le nom de Fair Deal, qui comprenaient des mesures visant \u00e0 \u00e9tendre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, \u00e0 augmenter le salaire minimum et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des logements sociaux. Cependant, nombre de ces propositions se heurt\u00e8rent \u00e0 l&#039;opposition du Congr\u00e8s et seules quelques-unes furent mises en \u0153uvre avec succ\u00e8s.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bombardement atomique d&#039;Hiroshima et de Nagasaki (1945) :<\/strong> Truman a pris la d\u00e9cision d&#039;utiliser la bombe atomique contre le Japon, ce qui a mis fin \u00e0 la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Les bombardements restent l&#039;un des aspects les plus controvers\u00e9s de sa pr\u00e9sidence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reconnaissance de l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl (1948) :<\/strong> Truman fut le premier dirigeant mondial \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre officiellement la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019Isra\u00ebl en 1948, peu de temps apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9claration d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Programme Point Four (1949) :<\/strong> Le programme Point Four \u00e9tait une initiative visant \u00e0 fournir une assistance technique et une aide \u00e9conomique aux pays en d\u00e9veloppement. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u pour aider ces pays \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leur niveau de vie et \u00e0 promouvoir le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9sidence de Truman a \u00e9t\u00e9 caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par les d\u00e9fis de l&#039;apr\u00e8s-Seconde Guerre mondiale, le d\u00e9but de la <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cold_War\" title=\"Guerre froide\">Guerre froide<\/a>, et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de g\u00e9rer des probl\u00e8mes g\u00e9opolitiques et nationaux complexes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States. He served from April 12, 1945, to January 20, 1953. Truman is one of the US presidents who have won re-election. Truman became President upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, making him the only U.S. president to assume office in the midst of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-presidents-of-united-states"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Truman&#039;s presidency was characterized by the challenges of the post-World War II era, the beginning of the Cold War, and the need to navigate complex issues.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"AmericanEditor\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/harry-s-truman-33th-president-of-u-s\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 5.0.5\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AMerican-POlitics.NET - US Congress news and information\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Harry S. 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