{"id":381,"date":"2023-10-12T16:13:46","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T16:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congress.net\/?p=381"},"modified":"2023-10-20T07:45:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-20T07:45:40","slug":"barack-obama-44e-president-des-etats-unis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/barack-obama-44th-president-of-the-us\/","title":{"rendered":"Barack Obama, 44e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Barack Obama a \u00e9t\u00e9 le 44e pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong> de 2009 \u00e0 2017. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il \u00e9tait le <strong>premier pr\u00e9sident afro-am\u00e9ricain des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong> et un membre de la <a href=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/fr\/parti-democratique\/\" title=\"Parti d\u00e9mocrate des \u00c9tats-Unis\">Parti d\u00e9mocrate<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"470\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-5.jpeg\" alt=\"Portrait officiel du pr\u00e9sident \u00e9lu Barack Obama \/ Pete Souza.\" class=\"wp-image-382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-5.jpeg 470w, https:\/\/american-politics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-5-220x300.jpeg 220w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Portrait officiel du pr\u00e9sident \u00e9lu Barack Obama \/ Pete Souza.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Il est n\u00e9 le 4 ao\u00fbt 1961 \u00e0 Hawa\u00ef d&#039;un p\u00e8re kenyan et d&#039;une m\u00e8re am\u00e9ricaine. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 de l&#039;Universit\u00e9 de Columbia et de la Harvard Law School, o\u00f9 il est devenu le premier pr\u00e9sident afro-am\u00e9ricain de la Harvard Law Review. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a travaill\u00e9 comme organisateur communautaire, avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les droits civiques et s\u00e9nateur am\u00e9ricain de l&#039;Illinois avant de se pr\u00e9senter \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle en 2008. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il a remport\u00e9 l&#039;\u00e9lection contre John McCain avec 365 voix \u00e9lectorales et a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9\u00e9lu en 2012 contre Mitt Romney avec 332 voix \u00e9lectorales<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi ses principales r\u00e9alisations en tant que pr\u00e9sident figurent la signature de l\u2019Affordable Care Act, de la loi Dodd-Frank sur la r\u00e9forme de Wall Street et la protection des consommateurs, et de l\u2019American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a \u00e9galement mis fin \u00e0 l\u2019engagement militaire am\u00e9ricain en Irak, ordonn\u00e9 l\u2019assassinat d\u2019Oussama ben Laden et n\u00e9goci\u00e9 l\u2019accord sur le nucl\u00e9aire iranien et l\u2019accord de Paris sur le climat.<sup>1<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barack-Obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/barack-obama-president-of-united-states-104366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Barack_Obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/dbpedia.org\/page\/Barack_Obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La politique de Barack Obama<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Politique \u00e9conomique<\/strong>:Obama a h\u00e9rit\u00e9 d&#039;une grave crise financi\u00e8re et d&#039;une profonde r\u00e9cession qui a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en 2007. Il a promulgu\u00e9 un programme de relance de 1480 milliards de livres sterling, l&#039;American Recovery and Reinvestment Act de 2009 (ARRA), qui comprenait des r\u00e9ductions de d\u00e9penses et d&#039;imp\u00f4ts pour stimuler l&#039;\u00e9conomie et cr\u00e9er des emplois. Il a \u00e9galement sign\u00e9 la loi Dodd-Frank sur la r\u00e9forme de Wall Street et la protection des consommateurs, qui visait \u00e0 emp\u00eacher un nouvel effondrement financier et \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les consommateurs des pratiques abusives des banques et autres institutions financi\u00e8res. Il a \u00e9galement prolong\u00e9 les r\u00e9ductions d&#039;imp\u00f4ts de l&#039;\u00e8re Bush pour la plupart des Am\u00e9ricains, mais a augment\u00e9 les imp\u00f4ts sur les particuliers et les entreprises les plus riches. Sous son administration, le taux de ch\u00f4mage est pass\u00e9 de 101 milliards de livres sterling en 2009 \u00e0 4,71 milliards de livres sterling en 2016, et le march\u00e9 boursier a atteint des sommets historiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Politique de sant\u00e9<\/strong>:La principale r\u00e9alisation d&#039;Obama sur le plan national a \u00e9t\u00e9 la loi sur la protection des patients et les soins abordables (Aca), \u00e9galement connue sous le nom d&#039;Obamacare, qu&#039;il a sign\u00e9e en 2010. L&#039;ACA a \u00e9tendu la couverture d&#039;assurance maladie \u00e0 des millions d&#039;Am\u00e9ricains qui n&#039;\u00e9taient auparavant pas assur\u00e9s ou sous-assur\u00e9s, en cr\u00e9ant des bourses d&#039;assurance maladie au niveau des \u00c9tats, en subventionnant les primes pour les familles \u00e0 revenus faibles et moyens, en \u00e9largissant l&#039;\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 Medicaid et en interdisant aux assureurs de refuser une couverture ou de facturer davantage en fonction des conditions pr\u00e9existantes. L&#039;ACA a \u00e9galement introduit des r\u00e9formes pour am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et l&#039;efficacit\u00e9 de la prestation des soins de sant\u00e9, comme la r\u00e9duction des r\u00e9admissions \u00e0 l&#039;h\u00f4pital, la promotion des soins pr\u00e9ventifs et l&#039;encouragement des dossiers m\u00e9dicaux \u00e9lectroniques. L&#039;ACA a r\u00e9duit le taux de non-assur\u00e9s de 16% en 2010 \u00e0 9% en 2015 et a ralenti la croissance des co\u00fbts des soins de sant\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Politique ext\u00e9rieure<\/strong>:Barack Obama a adopt\u00e9 une approche multilat\u00e9rale en mati\u00e8re de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re, en collaborant avec ses alli\u00e9s et partenaires pour r\u00e9pondre aux d\u00e9fis mondiaux tels que le terrorisme, la prolif\u00e9ration nucl\u00e9aire, le changement climatique et les droits de l&#039;homme. Il a mis fin \u00e0 l&#039;engagement militaire am\u00e9ricain en Irak en 2011 et a annonc\u00e9 un plan visant \u00e0 retirer la plupart des troupes am\u00e9ricaines d&#039;Afghanistan d&#039;ici 2016. Il a ordonn\u00e9 l&#039;assassinat d&#039;Oussama ben Laden, le chef d&#039;Al-Qa\u00efda, lors d&#039;une op\u00e9ration secr\u00e8te au Pakistan en 2011. Il a \u00e9galement n\u00e9goci\u00e9 plusieurs accords historiques avec d&#039;autres pays, tels que l&#039;accord sur le nucl\u00e9aire iranien, qui a limit\u00e9 le programme nucl\u00e9aire iranien en \u00e9change d&#039;un all\u00e8gement des sanctions, l&#039;accord de Paris sur le climat, qui a engag\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de 200 pays \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leurs \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre pour lutter contre le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, et le d\u00e9gel cubain, qui a r\u00e9tabli les relations diplomatiques avec Cuba apr\u00e8s plus de 50 ans d&#039;hostilit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Politique sociale<\/strong>:Obama a soutenu diverses causes et mouvements sociaux, comme les droits civiques, les droits des femmes, les droits des LGBT, la r\u00e9forme de l&#039;immigration, le contr\u00f4le des armes \u00e0 feu, la r\u00e9forme de la justice p\u00e9nale et la protection de l&#039;environnement. Il a sign\u00e9 plusieurs lois pour faire avancer ces questions, comme le Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, qui a facilit\u00e9 les poursuites pour discrimination salariale pour les femmes, le Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, qui a \u00e9tendu les lois f\u00e9d\u00e9rales sur les crimes haineux pour y inclure les crimes motiv\u00e9s par l&#039;orientation sexuelle ou l&#039;identit\u00e9 de genre, le Don&#039;t Ask, Don&#039;t Tell Repeal Act, qui a permis aux hommes et aux femmes ouvertement homosexuels de servir dans l&#039;arm\u00e9e, et le programme Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), qui a accord\u00e9 une protection temporaire contre l&#039;expulsion aux immigrants sans papiers arriv\u00e9s aux \u00c9tats-Unis alors qu&#039;ils \u00e9taient enfants. Il a \u00e9galement publiquement soutenu le mariage homosexuel en 2012 et a c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame qui l&#039;a l\u00e9galis\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9chelle nationale en 2015. Il a \u00e9galement plaid\u00e9 en faveur de mesures de contr\u00f4le des armes \u00e0 feu plus strictes apr\u00e8s plusieurs fusillades de masse au cours de sa pr\u00e9sidence, telles que l&#039;\u00e9largissement des v\u00e9rifications des ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents et l&#039;interdiction des armes d&#039;assaut, mais s&#039;est heurt\u00e9 \u00e0 une forte opposition du Congr\u00e8s et de la National Rifle Association (NRA).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici quelques-uns des <strong>politiques principales<\/strong> que <strong>Barack Obama<\/strong> mis en \u0153uvre ou soutenus durant sa pr\u00e9sidence. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pour amplifier l\u2019information :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/about-the-white-house\/presidents\/barack-obama\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><br>1. whitehouse.gov<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Barack-Obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2. britannica.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/barack-obama-president-of-united-states-104366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3. thoughtco.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikiwand.com\/en\/Barack_Obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4. wikiwand.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dbpedia.org\/page\/Barack_Obama\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5. dbpedia.org<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Barack Obama served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He was the first African-American president of the United States and a member of the Democratic Party. He was born on August 4, 1961 in Hawaii to a Kenyan father and an American mother. He graduated from Columbia University and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-presidents-of-united-states"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Barack Obama served as the 44th president of the United States. 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