{"id":4146,"date":"2024-12-05T13:26:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T13:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congress.net\/?p=4146"},"modified":"2024-12-05T13:26:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T13:26:44","slug":"%d1%80%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b4%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%be-%d0%b4%d0%bb%d1%8f-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%87%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8e%d1%89%d0%b8%d1%85-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d0%bf%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/ru\/a-beginners-guide-to-political-action-committees-pacs-and-super-pacs\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 (PAC) \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440PAC"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 (PAC) \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440 PAC \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0448\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0435, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2>PAC: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>PAC \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432. PAC \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>PAC \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 (FEC) \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e PAC \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0421\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440 PAC: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>Super PACs \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 2010 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e Citizens United. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 PAC, super PACs \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0446, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>Super PAC \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043a. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>PAC \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440-PAC \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441. PAC \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440-PAC \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PAC \u0438 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440-PAC \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0444\u044b \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PACs and super PACs play a significant role in shaping political campaigns, but understanding their workings can be daunting for beginners. 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