{"id":2265,"date":"2024-06-04T11:36:50","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T11:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/congress.net\/?p=2265"},"modified":"2024-06-04T11:36:56","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T11:36:56","slug":"%e5%8d%8e%e7%9b%9b%e9%a1%bf%e7%9a%84%e6%b8%b8%e8%af%b4%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e5%9b%bd%e4%bc%9a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/zh\/lobbying-in-washington-how-does-it-influence-congress\/","title":{"rendered":"\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u6e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u4f1a\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u6e38\u8bf4 <\/strong>\u662f <a href=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/zh\/%e5%9c%a8%e5%9b%bd%e4%bc%9a%e6%b8%b8%e8%af%b4%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b\/\" title=\"\u56fd\u4f1a\u6e38\u8bf4\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fdb\u7a0b\">\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/a> \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6e38\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6e38\u8bf4\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u76f4\u63a5\u6e38\u8bf4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Direct_lobbying_in_the_United_States\" title=\"\u76f4\u63a5\u6e38\u8bf4\">\u76f4\u63a5\u6e38\u8bf4<\/a> \u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e <a href=\"https:\/\/american-politics.net\/zh\/%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%9b%bd%e4%bc%9a%e8%ae%ae%e5%91%98%e5%92%8c%e9%a2%86%e5%af%bc%e4%ba%ba\/\" title=\"\u652f\u6301\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\">\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458<\/a> \u6216\u5176\u5458\u5de5\u5021\u5bfc\u5177\u4f53\u7acb\u6cd5\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u7b80\u62a5\u4f1a\uff1a<\/strong> \u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u5b89\u6392\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u4f1a\u8c08\uff0c\u9648\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e94\u8be5\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u67d0\u9879\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u89c1\u8bc1\uff1a<\/strong> \u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u6b63\u5728\u5ba1\u8bae\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u5efa\u7acb\u957f\u671f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u57fa\u5c42\u6e38\u8bf4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8349\u6839\u6e38\u8bf4\u65e8\u5728\u52a8\u5458\u516c\u4f17\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ec4\u7ec7\u9009\u6c11\u5411\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u5199\u4fe1\u3001\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u96c6\u4f1a\u548c\u6297\u8bae\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ec4\u7ec7\u516c\u4f17\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u5411\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff1a<\/strong> \u5229\u7528\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u5438\u5f15\u5a92\u4f53\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u8054\u76df\u5efa\u8bbe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6210\u8054\u76df\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8054\u76df\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u548c\u975e\u8425\u5229\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8054\u5408\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a<\/strong> \u534f\u8c03\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u548c\u6e38\u8bf4\u7b56\u7565\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u653f\u6cbb\u6350\u6b3e\u548c\u7ade\u9009\u652f\u6301<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d44\u91d1\u6350\u8d60\u5728\u6e38\u8bf4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ecf\u5e38\u5411\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u6350\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PAC \u548c\u8d85\u7ea7 PAC\uff1a<\/strong> \u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a (PAC) \u548c\u8d85\u7ea7 PAC \u7b79\u96c6\u548c\u82b1\u8d39\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u652f\u6301\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b79\u6b3e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3e\u529e\u6216\u53c2\u52a0\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u7b79\u6b3e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5584\u610f\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u969c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u653f\u7b56\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u62a5\u544a\uff1a<\/strong> \u5236\u4f5c\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u62a5\u4f1a\u53ca\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff1a<\/strong> \u7ec4\u7ec7\u6559\u80b2\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e86\u89e3\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u62df\u8bae\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>\u76d1\u7ba1\u5021\u5bfc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9664\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u8fd8\u9488\u5bf9\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4ea4\u610f\u89c1\u5e76\u53c2\u52a0\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u76d1\u7ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e0e\u673a\u6784\u5b98\u5458\u63a5\u89e6\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0e\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5b98\u5458\u4f1a\u9762\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. <strong>\u6218\u7565\u6c9f\u901a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u7b56\u7565\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e38\u8bf4\u6210\u529f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5a92\u4f53\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a<\/strong> \u5229\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u8206\u8bba\u5e76\u5411\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u65bd\u52a0\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4e13\u680f\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/strong> \u64b0\u5199\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7acb\u573a\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u516c\u4f17\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\uff1a<\/strong> \u5236\u5b9a\u6e05\u6670\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bf9\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6e38\u8bf4\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u4f1a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5236\u5b9a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong> \u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8d77\u8349\u6cd5\u6848\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8bae\u7a0b\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e3b\u9898\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong> \u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u6216\u5229\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u6350\u6b3e\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u7684\u6295\u7968\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u653f\u7b56\u6210\u679c\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u6301\u7eed\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6e38\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u56fd\u4f1a\u3002\u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u6350\u52a9\u3001\u6218\u7565\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u52a8\u5458\u516c\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lobbying in Washington, D.C. is a significant and complex part of the legislative process in the United States. It involves various methods and strategies used by individuals, organizations, and special interest groups to influence the decisions and actions of Congress. Here&#8217;s an overview of how lobbying influences Congress: 1. 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